As We have written in our previous articles about LYTRO , the team has come up with a more better solution.
Hoping for some after-the-fact focusing in your next smartphone camera? Well, you’ll have to wait around a year, but Toshiba’s planning exactly that with a new module that houses an array of 500,000 tiny lenses. Within a 1cm-thick unit, these lenses are layered in front of the camera sensor, which can capture slightly different images from each lens arrangement. Those picture can then be combined in a “complete” picture using Toshiba’s own software. Apparently, the camera will also be able to measure the distance between objects in the shot — similar to how 3D images are captured — with the user then able to shift focus between close and distant detail, or even create images that are in-focus throughout. Toshiba says the module will also be able to capture video with a similar degree of focus management — something that Lytro hasn’t got around to just yet. The sensor is still a work in progress, but the manufacturer plans to commercialize the module before the end of 2013. Toshiba is looking to ally itself with multiple smartphone (and tablet) makers — and here’s hoping that it finds its way into a device outside of Japan.
A blend of both hardware and software would give us a enlightening experience.
Femto-photography is a term describing ultra high speed imaging. Femto-photography of macroscopic objects was first done by a team at the MIT Media Lab lead by Ramesh Raskar. Before that the term has at least been used for certain proposed experimental procedures in experimental nuclear physics.
In their publications Raskar’s team claims to be able to capture exposures so short that light only traverses 0.6 mm (Equal to only a few picoseconds, or thousands of femtoseconds) during one exposure by combining available high end research equipment and sophisticated sampling algorithms. Raskar presented his team’s feat during TEDGlobal 2012, reaching a wider audience through viral video.
Nokia is going through a very bad period while its market share has declined to a great extent…. As Nokia is still sticking to its SYMBIAN Software it unleashes a new Phone having a Revolutionary 41 Megapixel Camera to it…. which is considered to be much better that IPHONE 4S…
Digital “SLR” stands for single lens reflex. An SLR camera lens that uses a mechanically controlled mirror system and prism to allow light to expose itself to the camera sensor only during the period of exposure right after the shutter is clicked. Digital SLR cameras are preferred by professional photographers because they feature interchangeable lenses and an accurate portrayal of what a shot will look like.
British designer Phil Pauley has come up with a concept tablet that could be the next step forward in personal computing.
The A3 concept tablet looks like a laptop more than a tablet.
Users can fold it like an A4 book, or use it on a desk like a laptop, or if they prefer, they can totally flat this device like a piece of paper.
The Tablet can be used on a variety of surfaces, and in many different ways; folded like A4 book, on a desk like a laptop, or totally flat like an A3 piece of paper.
The tablet fully supports landscape and portrait viewing, and each screen be used individually, or combined to make 1 larger viewing area.
It includes 6 cameras for normal and Stereoscopic 3D recording/playback, incorporating two clusters of three cameras.
The top camera acts as a normal video/picture coms system while the twin pair at the bottom produce the Stereoscopic 3D for the same purpose.
The A3 Tablet Book with its advanced built in wireless technology will automatically find Wi-Fi Networks and 3G Connectivity.
The A3 Tablet Book can be ideal for playing games, listening to music, watching TV or movies or just staying connected through interactive media.
In olden days, whenever people used to go to hillside, they used to carry a camera with me and used to take extra film rolls.
As they are not very professional photographer’s, whenever they had to take photos, they used to take 2 photos so that they could get the photo positively.
Now with new digital camera technology, they don’t have to take 2 photographs. He can just check the photo on LCD and decide whether to keep it or delete it. If he delete’s it, he can take new photo. This saves a lot of time and anxiety, With new cool digital camera technology.
Digital camera is a camera without film. The basic principle is the same. It has lens, flash and shutter. However there are no mechanical moving parts. The advanced model has LCD screen which displays the photo. If you don’t like the photo, simply delete it and click it again. That’s the beauty of digital camera technology. There is no film hence no processing and development.
How Camera Focus Works
We’ve seen that a real image is formed by light moving through a convex lens. The nature of this real image varies depending on how the light travels through the lens. This light path depends on two major factors:
The angle of the light beam’s entry into the lens
The structure of the lens
The angle of light entry changes when you move the object closer or farther away from the lens. You can see this in the diagram below. The light beams from the pencil point enter the lens at a sharper angle when the pencil is closer to the lens and a more obtuse angle when the pencil is farther away. But overall, the lens only bends the light beam to a certain total degree, no matter how it enters. Consequently, light beams that enter at a sharper angle will exit at a more obtuse angle, and vice versa. The total “bending angle” at any particular point on the lens remains constant.
As you can see, light beams from a closer point converge farther away from the lens than light beams from a point that’s farther away. In other words, the real image of a closer object forms farther away from the lens than the real image from a more distant object.
You can observe this phenomenon with a simple experiment. Light a candle in the dark, and hold a magnifying glass between it and the wall. You will see an upside down image of the candle on the wall. If the real image of the candle does not fall directly on the wall, it will appear somewhat blurry. The light beams from a particular point don’t quite converge at this point. To focus the image, move the magnifying glass closer or farther away from the candle.
This is what you’re doing when you turn the lens of a camera to focus it — you’re moving it closer or farther away from the film surface. As you move the lens, you can line up the focused real image of an object so it falls directly on the film surface.
You now know that at any one point, a lens bends light beams to a certain total degree, no matter the light beam’s angle of entry. This total “bending angle” is determined by the structure of the lens.
Digital Technology in Cameras
The film in analog camera is replaced by CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS chip. Whenever you take a photo, based on the light, color and intensity, charge is developed on CCD. This charge is converted into digital information with the help of analog to digital converter. This digital data is ultimately converted into image format by onboard computer chip.
Understand what happens when you take a photograph. When you take a photograph, light enters through aperture through a series of lenses and falls on CCD. The charge generated in CCD is proportional to light falling on it.
As the light intensity increases, the CCD charge also increases. This signal is converted from analog to digital data. The digital data is stored in an on-board memory buffer and then converted into jpeg format by on board computer chip. Then it is transferred to flash memory. You can later watch the photograph as it is stored in flash memory.
Difference between CCD and CMOS:
There are 2 types of sensors inside the digital camera, CCD & CMOS.
The CCD sensors are more accurate and generate high-quality, low-noise images. However CMOS sensors are generally more prone to noise.
Due to large number of transistors present in CMOS, the light sensitivity of CMOS chip is lower than CCD sensor. Each pixel is divided into transistors and photo-diodes.
The CCD sensor system is more mature and is proven over the period.
CMOS sensors require very less power compared to CCD. The CCD sensor system requires 100 times more power than CMOS sensor system.Resolution:Resolution is the amount of detail a digital camera can display in a photograph. It is generally measured in pixels. That means the digital camera with more number of pixels is capable of showing more details in an image. If price is no constraint, go for the highest resolution.
Some typical resolutions include:
256×256 – If you want cheapest digital camera, then you should select this low resolution. But you will not get very high quality due to low number of pixels.
640×480 – If you want to send the pictures thro’ Internet this is the ideal resolution as the image size is low with this resolution.
1216×912 – With this starts the mega pixel series. Here you get more than 1 million pixels. The printed pictures will also look sharp.
1600×1200 – If you want more than 2 million pixels, you should go for 1600×1200 resolution.
2240×1680 – For more than 4 million pixels, you should select this resolution. This is high end digital camera. You can print large size photo directly with this resolution.
Higher resolutions in the range of 10 million and more pixels are available in the market. But as resolution increases, price also increases.
MGIT ECE (www.techbook.co.in) 